Rhetorical Analysis Of Tiger Woods Apology Media Essay

Rhetorical Analysis Of Tiger Woods Apology Media Essay By the time he issued his apology speech Tiger woods had realized that his reputation was being tarnished by reports of adultery, domestic violence and unsportsmanlike behavior. He was right about his fame drop because at the time of his apology it had dropped from eighty five percent to thirty three percent. A positive reputation in the society is one of the most valuable assets that an individual can have throughout his life. This is because it makes a person feel confident and feel that he is playing an important role of influencing a certain audience. He was also falling in disfavor with sponsor companies. Most of the consumer product companies like to retain their spokes-personnel as long as they are able to influence their customers to buy the sponsored products and services. In the year 2008, Tiger Woods pocketed $131 million dollars for he was a spokesperson for great companies such as Nike and Gatorade. This value decreased during the first three months of his marital controversy because by February 2010 he pocketed only $ 1 million dollars. This means that within 3 months of his marital controversy, he earned $31.8 million dollars as compared to three months in the year 2008. On February 19, 2010, Woods presented a public apology for his unsportsmanlike behavior to an extensive coverage by the media. In todays society, the praxis of apology is well established. As usual if a public figure is found in an embarrassing quandary that his significance in public life is in jeopardy, he then needs to make a single speech evaluating the situations, to defend his intentions, and to remind the audience of his formerly untarnished reputation and success, using almost unvarying methods and strategies to do so. In his speech, it is evident that Woods had followed this procedure. Linkugal and Ware stated that the audience in such a personal charge appears to be easily and completely contented by the personal responses of the accused. By mediated immediacy, in todays media, all the audience bears witness to personal actions of the cel ebrities. They usually feel like we know the person in question. It was in late November 2009 when media reports all over the world started to talk about the extramarital affairs of Tiger woods, a renowned Golf player. In the consequent drama, Woods crashed his vehicle into a tree and a fire hydrant in an early morning incident. This is how the media speculation and furry about the accident in relation to his extra-marital affair grew in leaps. He later admitted the affairs but snubbed to give further comments saying that he regretted all his transgressions. He therefore claimed that the situation was ultimately personal and was a family matter. It was from that time there emerged several news shows and pundits to comment on his statement giving their opinions and criticisms. The Rhetorical Situation in Woods Apology Woods apology can be termed as a perfect apology despite of some aspects in his statement. To start with, he was reluctant to give any real explanation, but as an alternative, he talked in general terms concerning his irresponsible and selfish behavior. This can be regarded as important because the lack of an explanation left many people questioning whether he understood what actions were erroneous and why. He did not even mention whether he agreed that those actions were wrong. In addition, throughout the apology statement, Woods comments inclined more towards bolstering. For instance he provided details about how his foundation has helped the society. Again, Woods attacked his accusers especially the media for pursuing him and his family. If we try to test genuineness in the apology speech we would find that Woods apology was not from the heart. This is because he read the apology rather than saying it from the heart. Reading means that the statement was not real. Some pundits complained that the way he read his comments indicated that he was not sincere. This is because if a person has to read words, his thinking goes, implying that he is not really feeling those words. Reading reinforces the whole belief that Woods apology was choreographed by his public relations people. In addition, he covered several facts in his apology. The fact that his apology was issued live meant that he had to make sure that he used the correct words to cover each point. We should ask ourselves this question: Would it be bad to read an apology that seems scripted or to forget or mis-state something? I think either way made media to go on with their coverage on Woods. It is believed that a middle ground helped Tiger Woods to demonstrate his sincerity better. He read a short statement and then talked from heart. He never included so many points because it only took him 13 minute to deliver his apology. He later used his website and the social networks to expand some of his points. In addition we cannot forget the role of media in its speculation about performance enhancing drugs. Another criticism of Woods apology is that it was not a normal press conference. This is for the reason that there were no questions and media cameras were limited. This means that his comments went unchallenged and the journalists were not able to explore a number of transgressions including the car crash. Woods defended himself by saying that further details needed not to be discussed in front of the press and they needed to be left out for him to discuss with his wife. Lack of criticism brought up the issue of lack of third party participation. While Woods made an attempt to quell such inquiries by stating that the details were a personal matter for him and his wife to discuss, the criticism about the lack of questions brings up the issue of participationparticularly third-party participation. An extra notable criticism of this apology is the fact that it was tightly controlled. As stated earlier in the essay, no questions were allowed and cameras were limited. As far as these criticisms relate to prohibition of third party participation we cannot deny the significance of power in apologetic rhetoric. Literature Review What is an apology? An apology can be defined as public speech that is produced whenever a high-flying person tries to repair his character after it has been damaged by his or her negative behavior. There appears to be differences between the branches of discourse in an apology. Even though rhetorical analysts put it in the forensic subdivision of rhetoric, when it comes to moral character issues, the rhetoric is defined into the domain of epideictic discourse. There is a great deal of blaming and praising that goes on in apologies. Models of apologies In this essay, there are various theories of apologies that can be broken down into various categories. In a sequential order they are: four similarities by Rosenfield, four factors of apologetic strategies by Ware and Linkugal, apologia and Ryans kategoria. They have been combined and explored over the years by scholars. Rosenfields rhetorical model stated that there are four common similarities when people broadcast an apology: a verbal attack on the critics, a sharp and short controversy, facts and data placed on the speech and statements of apology that comprises of earlier statement. This theory does not apply to the apology that was made by Tiger Woods. The degree to which Woods repeated previous statements is still open to debate, as is the magnitude of the criticism made by the media. Additionally, although he did counter-attack the media, there lacked any facts or data in the center of Woods rhetorical sandwich. Ware and Linkugals approach perceived apology as a combination of four groups of factors which are differentiation, denial, transcendence and bolstering. Differentiation is the act of stating that the wrong act does not apply to the situation in a bid to separate the negative contents from the charge or to putting aside those negative issues. Denial is the act of denying the wrong doing or denying any intention to do wrong. Bolstering is the tendency of the speaker to identify with something that is favored by the audience. Finally, transcendence is the tendency of saying that the charge should not be viewed as a big issue. When evaluating the rhetoric theories in relation to Woods apology, these four factors seem to have merit in this specific case. In his model Ryan stated that checking each speech with another critic enables one to tell apart the vital issues from the bogus ones. It also aids in evaluating the merits of both speakers supplements. In addition, the critic is in a position to make relevant assessments of the relative success and failure of the speakers in relation to the final outcome of the speech. Consequently, a critic cannot comprehend an apology without thwarting them both. The relationship between kategoria and apologia on the face of it seems so obvious. But the reality is that the two are not linked in relation to the current public events. Sharon Downey has studied a genre of apologia. In her findings, she claims that as rhetorical situations are changing, so is the genre of apologia. For example, Downey states that the historical apologists used to adjust to the futility of argument. In this research, it is stated that the drama that bound the audience and the accused accuser in the conventional period has given way to the alienation of the audience, confusing accuser and the aversive apologist. In modern times charges against the accused are not explicit but are implied frequently emanating from innuendo and rumors. In addition, modern-day apologists lack a defined opponent. Usually, instead of being viewed sympathetically, apologies which are defensive are viewed with contempt. Statement of sorrow In all accounts, an apology should contain a statement of sorrow. For instance, according to the process of any apology should contain the acknowledgement of the offense, the explanation, communication of remorse and a promise of reparations. According to in an apology, the accused should acknowledge his wrongdoing, he should accept responsibility, he should be seen to express remorse and regret, and he should promise compensation and an intention to refrain from the vice. There are eight characteristics of a moral apology: admitting that one is wrong, apologizing for the act, taking responsibility for the wrong act, refraining from justifying the act, asking for forgiveness from the victim, admitting that the victim deserved a better treatment, assurance to the victim that such an act will not be repeated and finally offering amends. These statements of sorrow are referred to as termed mortification. This is where the offender acknowledges his wrong behavior and asks for forgiveness through an apology. If we critically look at Woods apology we can identify some of these aspects. Severally in the apology, woods admitted that his manners were wrong and he accepted personal and direct responsibility for his behavior. Secondly, on multiple times, Woods admitted that he was deeply sorry for his actions. He went further to acknowledge the harm that his behavior had caused to multiple people and organizations. This aspect of Woods apology helped in mending relationships by identifying the sufferers, reinforcing the sufferers version of history and admitting that the sufferers deserved a better treatment. Dating celebrities The TV shows us emotions through tears and laughter. This is done through the use of close ups which we see in our homes. This is the most intimate information that one can have about a person. According to because people have shared in celebrities lives, they feel like they know them, and so they judge them using the same criteria they use when they select their friends. They do not reject their intimates or their potential loved ones because they have weak resumes. They embrace their warm personalities and they even treat their serious politicians in this manner. In this relation, they are dating their celebrities . The closeness and immediacy that the television brings them, allows them to see more private lives of their celebrities thus eliminating a good deal in their mystery. This is echoed in politicians, who argue that the society does not respect them as much after their real life situation is shown. The reality is that people do not respect them as much; but they are all too familiar with their celebrities foibles. Generic Methodology In rhetoric analysis, the generic criticism is the style of analysis where the artifact is judged with reference from other examples in the same genre. The judgment can also be made on the basis of the existing elements within the genre itself. Simply, this means that generic criticism is a rhetorical analysis of an artifact through the eyes of a given genre. According to Kathleen rhetorical artifacts such as union messages, apologies, gallows, speeches and press conferences are some of the examples which can be well analyzed using the generic methodology. This is because it generic methodology attempts to identify forms of rhetoric through the similar attributes or functions of individuals or members of a particular group. In this essay, generic methodology is the most relevant methodology that can be applied. The main rationale for this is that this is an apology which was made in a press conference. In previous apologies, such as Nixon resignation speech, the methodology was applied. The methodology enables the critic to discover the substance and the form of the artifact therefore providing the additional insight in the functioning of the genre. In this case, the methodology will enhance the understanding of Woods apology. This will make it easy to identify the genre by category. Since this apology was dependent on the media coverage, the methodology will help to give out important revelations by use of some carefully controlled questions and answers. The methodology will establish a common characteristic through comparing Woods apology with other previously related statements. Such statements will include Nixons resignation statements and presidential inaugural speeches. The comparison will help in revealing anything useful about one or both artifacts of the genre. The comparison gives a holistic report of the artifacts rather than relying on one aspect such as history. Analyses and Comparisons Evaluation and the analysis of an apologetic rhetoric can be broken down into two elements namely the manner and the content. To start with the content, an apology should acknowledge the wrong act, take responsibility, convey regret, empathize with the victim, request for forgiveness and reconciliation, explain the relevant information in relation to concerns and questions, offer reparations and corrective actions. The greater part of Woods apology met some of these elements with the exception of how he gave detailed information concerning his marital unfaithfulness. This exception can make one to question whether that information was really important when told to the public. However, in terms of manner, an apology should be truthful, timely, sincere and voluntary. In the case of Tiger Woods lack of these elements makes his apology to be easily criticized. He took too long to issue an apology and was insincere when he was forced by circumstances to deliver one. As earlier stated in t he methodology, generic criticism tries to compare two types of artifacts in an effort of determining the common characteristics between artifacts that define a certain genre. Gerald Wilson broke Nixons resignation speech in to various themes while he was analyzing it. He wanted to know the percentage of time that the apologist used in satisfying each theme. The themes included thanking the supporters, attacking the accusers, bolstering, pledging for future actions and mortification. From his finding, Nixon spent 2.5% of his time in mortification, 19% pledging future actions, 26% bolstering, 7% thanking his supporters and he never attacked his accusers. To make up to a 100% the rest of his time maybe he was silent or doing something else that was not related to the apology. This can be compared to Woods apology. Woods spent 32.50% in mortification, 35% pledging for future actions, 4% bolstering, 20% attacking his accusers and 9% thanking his supporters. The figure below illustrates further. Figure 1. A comparison of Tiger Woods apology and Nixons resignation speech Figure 1 shows a comparison of the percent of time that Nixon and Tiger woods spent while speaking in rhetorical subgroups. Interestingly, the two speeches are approximated to be almost of the same length. Another interesting point is that they both spent almost the same time to thank their supporter but they completely differed in the attack of their accusers. This supports the observation made by Downey that counterattacks have become a contemporary discourse convention in apology. Attacks on the accusers are inevitable in modern apologies which are broadcasted to the public. In woods case, the main accusers were the media and he spent 20% of his speech attacking them. Nixon had spent only 24 seconds out of 16 minutes admitting his wrongdoing. This disappointed his listeners for they expected Nixon to admit that he had wronged or to attack his accusers. He did neither. This can be termed as non- admission of wrong doing. Nonetheless, Nixon had set a non-verbal tone of conciliation and dignity. There is another rhetorical maneuver by Jerry Falwell after he took over the operation of PTL after the resignation of Jimmy Bakker. He bolstered the perception of the congregation of his character through describing the financial situation of PTL in financial terms such as fiduciary responsibility and financial statements. This suggested that in spite being an expert in the spiritual matters, he was also an expert in the financial matters. Falwell transcended the charges of his incompetence to lead the church, by stating that the almighty Lord would not allow him to quit. Likewise, Tiger Woods bolstered his character by talking about his foundation and he transcended the accusations by stating that the affairs he had were private family matter between him and his wife. He also claimed that the media was hounding him. Walter Fisher linked discourse to motive. Discourse seeks to rejuvenate, discover, purify or subvert an image. An apology has a motivation of purification. Fisher discussed Nixons speech and compared it with Woods speech. The ethics of Nixon had been attacked. By identifying himself with the American values, Nixon purified himself. There are four important steps in Nixons speech. He started by denying that he was wrong, he endorsed his personal ethos of hard work, humble roots and loyalty. He then attacked his opponents and finally he reiterated his affection for America. On the other hand, Woods admitted his wrong act, endorsed his personal ethos for the concern of his family and public good works. He attacked the media especially Paparazzi and he finalized by confirming that he will be committed to golf and he would continue being a player and thanking the PGA tour executives and the golf players. Nixons response was tremendously favorable as compared to Woods response. There was a survey that was conducted on 3rd March 2010 that stated that 54% of the respondents believed in Woods apology and the rating of this approval was unchanged. Equivalence can be drawn between Bill Clinton, Jimmy Swaggart and Tiger Woods. Each of these celebrities was accused of adultery. In addition, each of their scandal brought forth something extra making the whole issue titillating. Woods had been attacked by his wife with a golf club. Bill Clinton was the American president and Falwell was a religious figure. Clintons scandal can be evaluated as character and sex implication in a mass mediated presidency. Most citizens of America believed that the American president was a womanizer and a draft-dodger. This was different in Woods case because of his charitable activities and with his smile he was better off to commence his apology than in the case of Bill Clinton. In Clintons case, the popular perception resulted from the fact it was his wife that he had harmed the most and if she failed to forgive him, the public would not agree to forgive him. In 1992, Clinton used two rhetorical strategies which helped him to convince the public to put the past behind and focus on the current and future events. These strategies were: public private distinction and a timeline or life pattern. These strategies helped Clinton to separate his status from his character. Ethos is the most powerful way of persuasion. Bill Clinton later triumphed over his scandal though as earlier stated, his ethos was less creditable than Woods. Still on analysis, it is important to analyze the strategies that Woods used in the delivery of his apology speech. To start with on February 19, 2010, Woods delivered a fourteen minutes speech which had a sentence length of 12.3 and 1540 words. In average, a written sentence is made of 15-23 words and a spoken sentence has ten words in length. In his speech, Woods used the active voice and only 2% of his speech that contained passive voice constructions. His speech could read or could even be understood by a child in as low as fifth grade. Woods speech could have been perceived as arrogant and pompous if he had decided to use polysyllabic words. If he would have wanted to sound like a dictionary or an encyclopedia the public could have gotten a negative feeling about him. A writer or a speaker communicates his credible ethos only when his upright character, goodwill and intelligence are projected to his audience. This can be achieved though correct choice of words, use of body langu age, use of the correct tone of voice among many other communication techniques. It is not authentic in an apology to say if I gave any offence. There were some suggestions by the media on the correct outfit that best suited the apology. Some said that Woods should wear a brown or middle blue jacket for the television and a pastel shirt so to appear off-white on the television. The best shirt that was recommended was light blue shirt. ABC news anchor; Chris Connelly said that Woods could wear a clean shirt and a sports coat without a tie. Woods combined these two in his outfit. He wore a light blue shirt, a dark jacket without a tie. Axtell recommended Woods to apply make up to reduce the shining of the face (Axtell 67). It was also recommended that Woods should maintain his eye contact with the audience to display his honesty. Little eye contact displays dishonesty. In addition any speaker should avoid looking upwards for it makes the speaker appear as if he is asking God for help. During his speech, Woods preferred to put his hand over his heart. This is a clear rhetoric of his body language. Non-verbally, he pledged to the audience that he will behave in a manner that will make them to trust him. At the start of his speech, he greeted his audience and he thanked the audience for joining him. This clearly means that Woods admitted that he was not better than the crowd and that is why he was thankful for their attendance. After that he said : Many of you in the room are my friends. Many of you in this room know me. Many of you have cheered for me, or worked with me, or supported me, and now, every one of you has good reason to be critical of me. From the quote above and throughout the speech, Woods repeated many of you at the beginning of sentences. This can be termed as anaphora. At the end of many phrases he used the word me which is epistrophe. There are other prepositions that he used such as of me, with me, know me and for me. Figures of speech provide the tools required in communication goodwill, upright character and intelligence and as Aristotle said they need to be projected. The figures of speech, visual ethos are essential tools for building an effective verbal ethos. Later in the speech, Woods used trope of euphemism when he said I had affairs. The word affair is much better than using the word adultery. The rhetorical discourse can be broken down to four sub-groups in relation to organizational schema of rhetorical discourse. Archetypal classification as according to is one of the subgroups that appears to fit in Tiger Woods apology speech. This is when the speech depends on persuasion images that are embedded i n the minds of the audience. If we use this theory on Tiger Woods we can see him casting himself as the protector of his family when he said that it annoyed him when he came to know how people have fabricated such a story (about his affairs) and when he said that he is the shield of his family from public spotlight. The role of protector of children and women is an image that Woods used to his advantage. It is very obvious that many people belief that a man is the protector of his family. This was not spoken but it is an image planted in the minds of many people. Summary of the Major Findings Tiger Woods apology can be termed as a outstanding apology despite of some aspects in his statement. To start with, he was reluctant to give any real explanation, but as an alternative, he talked in general terms concerning his irresponsible and selfish behavior. This can be regarded as important because the lack of an explanation left many people questioning whether he understood what actions were erroneous and why. He did not even mention whether he agreed that those actions were wrong. In addition, throughout the apology statement, Woods comments inclined more towards bolstering. Woods comments went unchallenged because the journalists were not able to explore a number of transgressions including the car crash. Woods defended himself by saying that further details needed not to be discussed in front of the press and they needed to be left out for him to discuss with his wife. Lack of criticism brought up the issue of lack of third party participation. In the apology, woods admitted that his manners were wrong and he accepted personal and direct responsibility for his behavior. Secondly, multiple times, Woods admitted that he was deeply sorry for his actions. He went further to acknowledge the harm that his behavior had caused to multiple people and organizations This aspect of Woods apology helped in mending relationships by the way he identified the victim, reinforced the victims version of the story and admitted that the victim deserved a relatively better treatment. Tiger woods apology can be compared to Nixons. Tiger Woods bolstered his character by talking about his foundation and he transcended the accusations by stating that the affairs he had were private family matter between him and his wife. He also claimed that the media was hounding him. He attacked the media especially Paparazzi and he finalized by confirming that he will be committed to golf and he would continue being a player and thanking the PGA tour executives and the golf players. On the main strategies that Woods used we can start with denial which was manifested through simple denial and shifting the blame. Secondly, he evaded responsibility through provocation, accident, defeasibility which made him to lose his adherence to the Buddhist faith. Thirdly, Woods reduced his offensiveness of event through bolstering where he promoted his foundation. He transcended when he said that the events were a marital issue and he attacked the accuser by saying that the media lied and stalked. He promised to correct his actions through seeking therapy and regaining his faith. Finally, in his mortification, he apologized and promised to stop playing golf temporarily. Recommendation for Further Research An interesting future study resulting from this circumstance should test the audiences appraisal of the actual wording of Woods statement versus the visual performance of his apology. By this it means testing one groups view of Woods and his apology after watching a video of his apology, and then weighing against the view of another group which only hears a broadcast.

Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System Essay

It is generally agreed that discrimination based on racial or ethnic origin is morally wrong and a violation of the principle of equality. Race refers to groups of persons who are relatively alike in their biological inheritance and are distinct from other groups. Ethnicity is a cultural phenomenon referring to a person’s identification with a particular cultural group. Racism in its most general sense can be defined as â€Å"social practices which (explicitly or implicitly) attribute merits or allocate values to members of racially categorized groups solely because of their ‘race’†. The issue of racial discrimination in the criminal justice system is controversial because there is substantial evidence confirming both individual and systemic biases. Although, many people believe there is no systematic racism in criminal justice; research in the past and present displays racial minorities are treated unfair and unjust in all aspects of the criminal justice system. African Americans and Hispanics for decades have accused law enforcement officers of racial profiling (Banks 66). Solid evidence of discrimination exists in many stages of the criminal justice process, including the police use of deadly force and the application of the death penalty. There are at least three aspects to racism: personal prejudice; ideological racism, where culture and biology are used to rationalize and justify the superior position of a dominant culture; and institutional racism, where the policies and practices of institutions operate to produce systematic and continuing differences between racial groups (Banks 67). To determine whether racial discrimination exists within the criminal justice system, criminologists have conducted research studies that have examined the major decision points within criminal justice systems in the United States (Banks 68). Many report suggests that racial discrimination does occur at some points in the criminal justice system. Following the Rodney King incident, the report of the Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department (also called the Christopher Commission) (1991) found that there was excessive use of force by LAPD officers and that this was compounded by racism and bias (Banks 69). An agreement about racism exists among criminal justice administrators, policymakers, and academics. The conclusion that racial discrimination is proven to be in the justice system certainly does not follow from the research on the subject. But a majority of scholars would certainly agree that there is a substantial body of evidence proving that racial bias inheres in certain practices and policies of both the criminal justice and juvenile justice systems. The controversy about racial discrimination in the criminal justice system remains unresolved. While most research proposes an absence of systematic racial discrimination, there is agreement among researchers that acts of discrimination does occur at specific decision-making points. Regardless of the conclusions of research studies, there is a widespread belief among minorities that the system discriminates against them and is therefore unjust (Banks 84). Works Cited Quigley, Bill. â€Å"Fourteen Examples of Racism in Criminal Justice System.† The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 26 July 2010. Web. 15 Apr. 2014. Banks, Cyndi. Criminal Justice Ethics: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 2013. Print. ABC 20/20 What Would You Do Vandals Racism In America Pt. 1 ABC 20/20 What Would You Do Vandals Racism In America Pt. 2

Hume Philosophy Paper

David Hume was an early 18th century philosopher that is best known for covering a variety of theories. He covered that reason alone cannot be a motive to the will, moral distinctions are not derived from reason and moral distinctions are direct from the moral sentiments [Treatise of Human Nature, 11]. â€Å"Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions, and can never pretend to any other office than to serve and obey them† [T 2. 3. 3 p. 414] in his work A Treatise of Human Nature.Reason alone cannot motivate or oppose passion. â€Å"Reason is perfectly inert and can never either prevent or produce any action or affection† [Book 2, 265]; moral distinctions are not derived from reasons. Reason does not by itself constitute grounds for an action of desire. Reason only â€Å"intervenes to explain passion’s impulses to actions proceedings† and thus connecting between two elements [Book 3, pg. 296]. Passion can influence or even disregard reason on purpose to serve goals behind actions.Moral distinctions are â€Å"derived from feelings of pleasure and pain and not from reason†. Reason itself â€Å"cannot produce or prevent any action or affection and morals concern actions† and affections and therefore cannot be based on reason [Book 3, pg. 301]. Due to the idea that distinctions are not based on reason, Hume states that they are based on sentiments that are felt by moral sense This can be related to the study of how we are motivated to act morally and the role of practical reason in moral motivation.The role of reason is only to find out which means help achieve a given goal. Our goals are set by what Hume calls the passion and what today is mostly called desires. Reason is the â€Å"slave of passion† in the sense that it practical reason alone cannot give rise to moral motivation, but dependent on motivational force. Hume claims that â€Å"passions do not refer to external things† [Book 3 pg. 336] , but that they are an original existence. In other words, passions are the very substance of the self.

checking out me history and island man comparison - 807 Words

Checking out me history and island man comparison. â€Å"Checking out me history† is all about the writer wanting to learn about his past. Instead, he is being taught all about the history of white people. He keeps reciting facts that he has learnt. Some of the facts most English children would have learnt whilst they are in school, and some of the facts he has been taught outside of school, probably by his parents. The poem seems like it is a rant to the schooling system and the politics of the country. This may be why there is no punctuation in this poem. It is a way to rebel against the teachers. At school the teachers are always telling you to check your spelling and punctuation, and he is disagreeing with the way and things he is†¦show more content†¦This, along with a large amount of enjambment makes the poem flow easily. It seems like it is a few longs lines, rather than five stanzas! When you read the poem aloud the sound makes you think of waves in the sea, going back and forth. In the first stanza, there is a lot of sibilance – repeating of the sound â€Å"s†. This sounds a lot like the waves. In the first stanza, the fourth line is slightly different to the other lines. It tells you he is not in real life, because it is in his head, which suggests he is dreaming. In the second and third lines, there is enjambment, but this is where it stops. It confuses the reader, because without the fourth line, he is actually on his island, but when you read the fourth line you realise he is dreaming. The confusion reminds me of waking up in the morning, when you think you are still dreaming but then you realise you are not dreaming. At the end of the first stanza, the poet says â€Å"the steady breaking and wombing†. Steady breaking reminds you of the waves breaking on the beach on a nice clear morning, which implies it is a good memory. The word â€Å"wombing† is very rarely used in everyday life. It means to be doing nothing, being oblivious to the outside world. In addition, it implies protection and comfort. Before a baby is born, it lives in the mother’s womb, where the mother protects it and comforts. The womb is the baby’s home, although only for a short while. When theShow MoreRelated Elements of Magical Realism and Sublime in Toads Mouth Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pageshorizontal margin of nature meets the supernatural world of the sky, where the landscape is connected with the quiet sky (Twitchell). The land is described as, stone, sedge, and ice; endless plains that toward Tierra del Fuego break up into a rosary of islands, peaks of a snowy cordillera closing off the distan t horizon, and silence that dates from the birth of time, interrupted periodically by the subterranean sigh of glaciers slipping slowly toward the sea (83). 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The At The Arena Of Energy Policy - 1924 Words

Introduction: Building off observations of political structure and derived stability in the previous paper I will, in this paper, apply lessons learned to the arena of energy policy in both Sweden and South Korea. South Korea and Sweden present the interesting similarity of both being net importers of energy resources and for that reason both having the real incentive of formulating some system of energy self-sufficiency to protect them from the dangers inherent to having an economy dependent on the imports from another country. I will begin with outlining the energy issues and subsequent policies being addressed in each country, followed by an in-depth examination on how the political structure of each country has affected the†¦show more content†¦Sweden: Sweden s push for energy self-sufficiency began with a public demand for environmentally friendly sources of energy post-World War II. Environmental issues such as acid rain and hydroelectric ecological destruction resulted in a slew of renewable energy subsidies and public investments in the 60 s and 70 s (Silveria, 2002). As seen in the prior study of the countries unicameral legislative reform, it was also this time when Sweden dissolved its formally bicameral legislature in favor of a less rigid unicameral system. During this time, post-1973, Sweden saw a large uptick in the number of bills being passed, included in this was transitory legislation for the promotion of energy self-sufficiency in Sweden (Congelton, 2003). As seen in Fig 1.1, this 1970 s push for environmental protection greatly increased the countries reliance on the development of nuclear energy for a replacement baseline source of energy production in the country. 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Increase Public Safety And Prevent Unnecessary Risks...

The purpose of this proposal is to increase public safety and prevent unnecessary risks behind the wheel while operating a motor vehicle. Drivers have a duty to themselves and to the public to operate their vehicles in a safe manner free from distraction. The safest way to ensure against distraction and preserve everyone’s well-being is to abstain from all cell phone usage including dialing, talking, or texting while operating a vehicle. According to the National Safety Council, motor vehicle crashes are the top two leading causes of injury death for everyone from the age of one to over age sixty-five and the number one cause of work-related deaths. On average approximately 38,000 people are killed in automobile accidents every year. This does not account for serious injuries that permanently disable. A major cause of crashes and fatalities is driver distraction. Driver distraction is now a leading cause of accidents ranking as high as alcohol and speed related accidents. 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Efficient Payment Method Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Identify the Most Efficient Payment Method. Answer: Introduction Starting a successful business is everyone's dream. It can be very hurting if a company fails to flourish due to reasons that do not include a barrier to entry causes, competitions, unfavorable legal regulations, minimal market share and even poor quality of products but due to the lack of efficient payment channel. This problem has been created by the fact that different individuals have a different preferred method of payment. The business will only attract the customers who are comfortable with their payment method. The other group of customers will shop at joints having their preferred method of payment. The problem is that the business venture cannot have a system that is compatible with all available payment methods because this is very expensive to install, upgrade and maintain. This report is written to identify the most efficient payment method that will ensure that Starbucks does not lose its customers due to inappropriate payment method. Defining issues The main issue in our case study is the mobile payment methods. Due to many people owning cell phones, Starbucks saw an opportunity for it to make payment for its products effectively. Starbucks did not realize that mobile payment could be faced with so many challenges than expected (Pastoll, Rochwerg, Vlaar, 2015). First, there is the issue of compatibility with its system. For example, there was Starbucks app that was only available on mobile devices that supported IOS. This meant that the application was not compatible with phones operating on android version and even windows operating system. Another issue arising in this case study is the issue of cost. The cost of installing the technology that can support the payment method is very high. Updating the systems and making them compatible is also very costly. The costs outweigh the benefits, and even if the payment method is most preferred by customers, it can be adopted as it will lead to losses at long last. Another issue in this case study is the problem of acceptance of the payment method. Some payment method receives a lot of resistance from the customers. This is due to reasons such as high service charges (Pastoll, Rochwerg, Vlaar, 2015). The payment methods such as mint chip and Credit card NFC charge a lot of service fee, and this discourages many customers and in the process the business losses customers leading to reduced customer loyalty and minimal repeat purchase which eventually leads to reduced market share that translates to lower revenues and profits. To find a mobile payment method that is acceptable is also a great challenge as this is almost impossible. The mobile payment method should be compatible with cell phones that are being offered in the market. In this case, the mobile payment method should be compatible with android phones, followed by IOS, then by blackberry and eventually by windows phones. Another issue in this case study is how to use the payment methods. The payment method can be the best, but if the employees of the Starbucks do not know how to use it, it will fail miserably. This issue leads to the point of training the users of the payment methods who include employees and customers of Starbucks. This process increases the operating costs as there will be training costs involved (Pastoll, Rochwerg, Vlaar, 2015). This issue will also result to slow operations as customers will have to get guided by the employees on how to make the payments. Also, the employees may not be well conversant with the involved technology, operations will not take place, and there will be low turnover leading to losses which may result in closure of the affected branches and joints. Decision maker identification In this case, Starbucks management will be the decision maker. This is because Starbucks business venture is the one being discussed in the given case study. The management of Starbucks is supposed to make a decision on the most efficient method of payment that will ensure that the business is successful in the United States and Canada (Pastoll, Rochwerg, Vlaar, 2015). The issue of payment method has a lot of impact on any business because that is how the company makes revenue to finance its obligations. This is very crucial because every business exists to make income and that is the reason it should have an efficient one that is accepted, has a low service fee, is very compatible with many mobile phones and has a low installation and upgrading costs. Efficient payment method will create a competitive advantage and position the business in a better position than its competitors, hence occupying a larger market share and maintaining customer loyalty. The management should employ the most preferred mobile payment method if they are to compete favorably with its competitors and in this case, it is Tim Hortons which is a direct competitor. It has been identified that the rapid market development of Starbucks have been achieved after Howard Schultz had purchased and expanded the business (Pastoll, Rochwerg, Vlaar, 2015). Starbucks have joint hand with Square for enabling mobile payment option for its customer. From the case study, it has been identified that Howard Schultz is the decision maker in the Starbuck Company (Pastoll, Rochwerg, Vlaar, 2015). Howard Schultz have made the deal of investing $25 million dollar for incorporating the mobile payment option with collaboration with Square through Square Wallet Application. Analyzing case data The causes for Starbucks facing a lot of challenges in selecting the most efficient mobile payment method can be attributed to; First of all, Starbucks does not choose the mobile phones which are being used by the majority of the customers. In this case, Starbucks used cell phones operating on IOS that is not most used by customers. This had an effect of the Starbucks app failing, and this is wastage of resources that could have been used elsewhere effectively. Another cause of the failure of the mobile payment methods is that customers and employees of Starbucks are not conversant with the technology employed. The effects of this problem are that the business will not be in a position to operate efficiently as customers do not know how to make the payments and they will have to be assisted by managers.This slows down the operations and can even lead to closure of the involved branches. Another cause of the problems associated with payments methods employed by Starbucks is the use of payment methods that are not compatible with the systems of the firm. This results to incurring upgrading and updating costs that lower the profits of the business (Pastoll, Rochwerg, Vlaar, 2015). Employing a payment method that is not compatible with the systems of the business results to wastage of resources of the company. There various opportunities available to Starbucks that should be utilized for efficient mobile payment method. Many people in the United States and Canada have access to cell phones, and this provides a concrete base for establishing effective mobile payment method. Many citizens in Canada are educated according to recent statistics. This enables them to be able to use cell phones, and this will allow Starbucks to be sure that mobile payments can be successful in Canada. The constraints, in this case, will be high service fees. The high service fees will discourage customers as they will fear to incur these high costs. This constraint is hard to be avoided because secure mobile payments methods charge high fees. This increases the costs of purchases and will be avoided by customers at all costs. Another constraint is the interdependency of the stakeholders of the mobile payment method. The involved stakeholders should play their roles effectively if the method is a success. If one stakeholder e.g. bank fails to play the desired role the payment method will fail. It is also difficult to coordinate the involved stakeholders. Generate alternatives Due to the failure of the already employed mobile payment methods by Starbucks, there is need to seek for alternatives. The first option to the mobile payment method will be cash. Cash has been one of the oldest methods of paying for goods and services received. Cash payment involves paying for the coffee using a physical currency which could be informed of coins or notes. Another alternative solution that has been identified for Starbucks is the application of minitchip, Bluetooth solutions, credit card and NFC (Pastoll, Rochwerg, Vlaar, 2015). Select decision criteria There are various criteria to be used in selecting the best decision. Some are qualitative, and others are quantitative. The quantitative ones include; cost. The cost of installing and upgrading the payment system should be affordable. The service charges involved should also be minimal and reasonable if the payment method is to be successful. High transaction costs scare customers and potential customers as they increase the cost of purchasing. The payment method that will attract the largest market share should be selected. Mincomearket share translates to a high turnover that leads to improved revenue(Pastoll, Rochwerg, Vlaar, 2015). Market share also shows that the business is operating effectively and efficiently and that it attracts many customers due to its improved method of making payments. The productivity of the business due to employing a certain method of payment will also get considered. The payment method that leads to improved productivity regarding operations of the company should be selected. Productivity can be measured by factors such number of customers served per day and also assets of the business generating the needed revenue. Smooth operations improve productivity (Pastoll, Rochwerg, Vlaar, 2015). Profit is also another quantitative measure that cannot be left out in evaluating the most efficient payment method to be adopted. The selected method should be the one that results in the highest profit because this is one of the primary reasons why the business exists. To achieve this, the method should be the one reducing all the costs associated with transactions. The qualitative measures to be used to determine the most efficient payment will include competition. The selected payment method should be able to create competitive advantage. This should position the business in a position that is better than all the competitors. The method should enable the company to compete favorably. Another criterion is customer satisfaction. The payment plan should ensure that all the customers are satisfied and this can only be achieved through having a simple, convenient and easy to use the method of making payments (Pastoll, Rochwerg, Vlaar, 2015). The selected method of payment should also ensure that it maintains a good image that can help to attract more customers for the benefit of the business. The payment method should not damage the reputation and goodwill of the firm. Analyze and evaluate alternatives To effectively explain the options, there is need to assess the advantages and disadvantages of each option. The first option is the use of cash payment. The associated advantages are that there are no transaction fees involved, minimizes bookkeeping which reduces stress and also that it can also get used by illiterates. The disadvantages are that it increases the risk of theft by criminals and employees, and also they require secure safe to be made and this wastes resources of the business. Select preferred alternative Based on the various alterative solutions identified for the mobile payment in Starbucks, the application of Custom Solution Using Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons has been identified as most preferable for implementation and use for purchase. In the preferred alternative solution, beacons are used for detecting any smartphones within a particular range. BLE (Bluetooth Low Cost Beacon System) can be used for detecting the behaviors and purchase pattern of the customer and complete the payment methods through the smartphone (Pastoll, Rochwerg, Vlaar, 2015). It has been identified that, due to the security measures involved in the purchase and payment, the customer needs to initially opt in for the system during the first visit. BLE also offers promotional message and personalized meal picture while analyzing the purchasing behavior of the customer. In order to store credit card data and payment options, Starbucks needed to collaborate with third party store app or mobile wallet for compl eting the payment process (Pastoll, Rochwerg, Vlaar, 2015). The functionality and technology of BLE was solely being supported by largest payment application giant, PayPal. Whereas, Square Wallet that has been already implemented in Starbucks was prepared to roll out similar featured for supporting the BLE in the near future. For Starbucks to implement BLE technology for their payment system, all the Starbucks terminal required reconfiguration for supporting the mobile wallet and BLE beacons. In order to redesign and integrate all the Starbuck location based on BLE technology, Starbuck Management have employed in-house development team for updating the existing software (Pastoll, Rochwerg, Vlaar, 2015). Further, integration of hands-free payment for mobile application used for Starbucks. Develop action plan Starbucks can implemented the identified solution based on the following action plan that has been developed in the section below: Tasks Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Evaluating the existing issues in the payment system used by Starbucks Identifying the needs of Starbucks Review the existing Solutions application for payment Select an appropriate technology for integrating mobile payment option Identify the technological requirement that needs to be implement for BLE Update the POS software for making BLE compatible Integrate hand free functionality for payment Implement the BLE system at every location provide training of baristas for using the BLE application start Starbucks operations Conclusion From the case study, the mobile payment methods provided could not help to solve payment problems facing Starbucks effectively. It was, therefore, wise to seek other alternatives which it has never tried which can assist the business flourish. The needed payment method should be secure and easy to use so as not to inconvenience its customers. The transaction fees should be very low so as to attract many customers. From the analysis, identified for including the payment methods in the Starbucks location, Custom Solution Using Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons has been identified as the appropriate solution. Custom Solution Using Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons allowed in developing customized and mobile payment options using Bluetooth technology. References Pastoll, C., Rochwerg, T., Vlaar, B. (2015). Starbucks Canada: The Mobile Payment Decision.